The ATP yields calculated above do not consider other mitochondrial components that affect the proton gradient during ATP synthesis. When these other components are considered, the number of ATP produced per NADH oxidized is lowered to $2\mathrm{.}5.$

Choose the statements that correctly describe the reason for the lower yield of ATP.

The number of $H^{+}$pumped out of the matrix by NADH oxidation has decreased by $2\mathrm{.}5H^{+}.$ Therefore, the calculation of ATP yield changes from $\frac{10}{3}=3\mathrm{.}3$ to $\frac{7\mathrm{.}5}{3}=2\mathrm{.}5$ for NADH.

The number of $H^{+}$that move into the matrix during ATP synthesis has increased by one $\frac{H^{+}}{?}$ATP. Therefore, the calculation of ATP yield changes from $\frac{10}{3}=3\mathrm{.}3$ to $\frac{10}{4}=2\mathrm{.}5$ for NADH.

Four $H^{+}$move into the matrix for each ATP formed. ATP synthase utilizes three $H^{+}/$ATP to help drive the rotation of the $$ subunit, and one $H^{+}$to protonate an aspartate residue in the cytoplasmic half$-$channel of the $c$ subunit.

The reaction $AD{P}^{3-}+H_{2}P{O}_4^{-}$to form $AT{P}^{4-}$ releases one $H^{+}$into the matrix to make a total of four $H^{+}$utilized during the formation of one ATP.

Four $H^{+}$move into the matrix for each ATP formed. Three $H^{+}$are utilized by ATP synthase directly and an additional $H^{+}$is utilized during transport of the substrates $H_{2}P{O}_4^{-},$ADP, and product, ATP.