Question: The attached material is a traditional (using textbooks) integrating activities tailored to students' learning style preferences. It is a data investigating whether it provides evidence
The attached material is a traditional (using textbooks) integrating activities tailored to students' learning style preferences. It is a data investigating whether it provides evidence of improved "performance" compared to teaching methods. Learning Style List (LSI, Learning) The Style Inventory tool measured an individual's performance in relation to tactile, kinesthetic, role play, audibility, and visual perception. Among these categories, Students who score more than 60 points from one strongly prefer a learning method that deals with their specific perceptual abilities. It is regarded as. From an educational point of view, this is new when students' preference for their learning style is integrated into the curriculum. This suggests that information can be absorbed and retained more easily. A total of 59 elementary school students (910 years old) participated in the experiment learned three consecutive UNITs in three weeks. C. Before starting the experiment, students' learning style preferences were evaluated using LSI tools, and prejudice was prevented. To this end, students were not aware of their preference for learning methods during the experiment. Before the detailed experiment, In order to gain prior knowledge of students, a preliminary test (PRE) consisting of polynomial questions at the beginning of each unit is provided. It was conducted. Students who completed the unit are post-test (PST), semantic differential scale (SDS), or 'Attitude' test (students). It was evaluated for appreciation of learning science and higher learning tests (HLT) that require problem-solving learning. The maximum score of PRE and PST is 100%, and for SDS, 60 indicates the highest probability (positive) attitude score. The HLT test was displayed on a scale of 1, 2, 3, and 4, and 4 indicates the case where the answer was written accurately by finding a solution, and 1, 2, 3. In part, it means the case where the correct answer is written. The variables constituting the data are as follows. id: Personal identification number assigned to students Class: Three divisions (1, 2, 3) P1: The first pre-test score for the scientific unit. F1 : The first post-test score for the scientific unit. S1: First, the attitude test score for the science unit. H1: The first science level higher learning test score for higher learning. P2: The second pre-test score for the scientific unit. F2: The second post-test score for the scientific unit. S2: Second score for attitude test in science unit. H2: Second science level higher learning test score P3: The 3rd pre-test score for the scientific unit. F3: The 3rd post-test score for the scientific unit. S3: Third, the attitude test score for the science unit. H3: Third, higher learning test score in science unit. T: Prefer tactile sense A: Auditory preference K: Preference for kinesthetic sense of exercise V: Prefer visual perception abilities 23 consecutive science units were trained in each class, and when learning the first unit, the third class. (class=3) was studied in a traditional way using textbooks, and the other two classes were preferred by students. I learned by integrating activities tailored to style preference. When learning the second unit, the first class (class=1) The learning was conducted in a traditional way, and the other two classes reflected preference. The 3rd member. When learning, the second class (class=2) learned in a traditional way.
Hypothesis 1: When learning the first unit, whether classes 1 and 2 have higher average scores than class 3, which have performed activities tailored to learning style preferences. Hypothesis 2: When learning the second unit, whether the average score is higher than that of class 2 and class 1, which performed activities tailored to the preference of learning style. Hypothesis 3: When learning the third unit, whether the average score is higher than class 1 and class 2, which performed activities tailored to learning style preferences.
id sex class p1 f1 s1 h1 p2 f2 s2 h2 p3 f3 s3 h3 t k a v s01 M 2 70 100 60 4 48 88 52 3 72 64 60 2 61 44 57 55 s02 F 2 80 85 60 2 50 76 60 3 70 72 60 1 35 44 57 34 s03 F 2 78 95 60 3 30 87 60 3 54 64 60 1 61 64 44 65 s04 F 2 72 65 59 2 43 60 33 2 64 64 58 2 30 54 48 34 s05 M 2 80 85 60 3 52 72 58 3 78 80 60 2 35 54 40 65 s06 F 2 65 85 60 2 48 66 56 2 58 58 60 1 52 57 66 34 s07 F 2 48 100 52 3 48 90 60 4 40 42 40 2 61 47 57 60 s08 M 2 75 100 56 2 60 78 56 3 50 52 60 1 26 27 57 34 s09 F 2 35 100 60 3 32 88 60 4 82 76 60 2 61 44 40 65 s10 F 2 75 100 60 4 34 92 60 4 66 76 60 4 61 64 66 44 s11 F 2 35 85 60 3 18 48 60 3 54 64 60 2 26 37 57 34 s12 M 2 35 95 60 3 48 88 60 3 22 32 56 1 61 51 66 65 s13 F 2 58 95 60 3 90 94 56 4 72 72 60 1 61 64 57 65 s14 F 2 78 80 60 2 80 86 59 3 60 68 60 3 26 51 40 65 s15 M 2 78 95 57 4 28 94 56 4 76 68 56 2 61 57 57 39 s16 F 2 32 80 59 4 68 92 57 4 76 68 55 2 61 51 61 39 s17 F 2 45 78 60 2 26 72 38 4 50 64 60 2 52 47 57 55 s18 M 2 58 78 60 2 42 74 60 3 72 72 60 2 52 57 57 65 s19 F 2 50 90 60 3 48 88 44 3 42 54 60 2 35 64 66 65 s20 F 1 70 85 60 2 41 52 60 2 70 88 59 2 30 51 53 50 s21 M 1 78 100 53 2 61 80 43 2 58 88 36 2 35 57 40 65 s22 F 1 45 100 40 4 46 60 24 3 52 96 36 4 61 64 40 65 s23 F 1 52 80 50 2 82 46 52 2 60 78 55 3 26 37 57 50 s24 F 1 78 95 55 4 52 60 45 3 70 96 40 4 64 57 66 39 s25 M 1 45 85 56 3 46 58 56 3 34 84 60 4 61 57 66 34 s26 F 1 78 95 57 4 54 77 60 3 54 96 43 4 61 37 40 55 s27 M 1 35 48 37 0 24 40 33 2 42 48 30 0 48 51 53 44 s28 F 1 78 85 58 2 54 80 49 4 59 72 60 4 52 44 66 34 s29 F 1 68 98 60 4 42 74 33 2 44 86 60 4 52 61 57 34 s30 M 1 45 78 50 2 31 26 47 3 28 42 47 2 43 34 57 65 s31 F 1 35 78 56 2 33 26 36 2 62 60 60 3 52 54 66 55 s32 F 1 58 80 56 2 44 88 50 2 54 74 59 2 39 44 48 55 s33 M 1 75 80 53 2 58 76 54 3 66 88 60 3 35 27 44 55 s34 F 1 35 78 48 2 68 64 12 3 50 72 60 3 39 27 57 44 s35 M 1 45 75 58 4 67 54 60 2 62 78 60 2 52 44 57 44 s36 F 1 60 80 59 2 27 72 16 2 40 86 31 2 43 20 48 60 s37 F 1 55 88 45 3 40 28 31 2 52 82 56 3 56 64 66 44 s38 M 1 35 82 56 2 44 76 58 3 70 74 60 2 30 34 31 65 s39 M 1 52 72 55 3 21 72 57 2 52 78 60 2 39 44 53 50 s40 M 1 78 98 57 4 59 72 48 2 60 90 52 3 61 61 48 65 s41 F 3 38 68 60 2 51 72 56 2 46 82 60 3 26 30 48 55 s42 M 3 45 78 60 3 66 84 60 2 56 78 60 2 52 30 57 34 s43 M 3 78 80 60 3 60 72 60 2 64 82 60 2 61 44 40 65 s44 M 3 58 72 47 0 38 66 48 2 60 78 60 0 52 37 48 44 s45 F 3 58 62 59 2 44 84 59 3 57 92 59 4 61 57 66 34 s46 M 3 55 72 54 2 32 76 55 2 52 74 59 2 43 37 40 55 s47 M 3 35 68 58 3 48 64 60 1 36 72 60 3 52 24 57 55 s48 F 3 68 72 54 0 46 58 60 2 58 78 60 3 35 47 57 34 s49 F 3 38 60 58 2 42 86 59 3 50 92 60 4 52 64 57 44 s50 M 3 40 68 56 2 44 84 60 4 40 94 60 3 61 64 57 44 s51 F 3 58 72 60 0 58 92 60 3 66 88 60 3 35 51 48 34 s52 F 3 78 78 60 3 36 72 60 2 68 74 60 4 61 44 40 55 s53 M 3 60 72 56 2 58 86 60 4 46 90 60 3 61 44 48 55 s54 M 3 75 78 43 3 50 70 56 2 38 62 59 1 43 37 48 44 s55 M 3 60 72 60 2 36 81 60 3 42 92 60 4 61 64 31 44 s56 F 3 78 82 60 4 62 62 59 0 56 82 60 3 35 37 48 44 s57 F 3 48 72 60 1 34 92 60 3 33 92 60 4 61 44 40 65 s58 F 3 58 78 52 2 41 72 46 2 56 72 60 3 52 57 66 55 s59 F 3 78 78 58 3 18 70 60 3 26 90 60 4 61 51 48 50
Test hypothesis 1, 2, 3.
must solve with in R
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