The consumer decision$-$making process includes activities associated with pre$-$purchase, purchase, and post$-$purchase. This process starts with need recognition, which refers to an awareness of the difference between an actual state and the desired state. Which of the following is NOT an example of a marketing strategy attempting to trigger need recognition?

a$.$

A filter replacement light on a refrigerator

b$.$

An advertisement of someone enjoying a sub sandwich during lunch hours $(11-2)$

c$.$

Sales event on winter coats in the Midwest $($United States$)$ in October

d$.$

Instructions inside a coffee maker explaining how to set it up for the first time