The five$-$forces model of competition $($as shown in Figure $3\mathrm{.}3)$ does not include

competitive pressures stemming from the threat of new entrants into the market. competitive pressures from companies in other industries selling substitute products competitive pressures stemming from the exercise of supplier bargaining power. competitive pressures triggered by the unexpected appearance of new and powerful driving force competitive pressures stemming from the exercise of buyer $($or customer$)$ bargaining power.