The following relational database contains two tables Applicants and Programmes where attribute Course Applied is a foreign key that refers to attribute progName:

ID# Name Age Country Course Applied

$04001$ Smith $23$ England computing

$05002$ Johnson $18$ USA e$-$commerce

$05012$ Hall $32$ England bioinformatics

$06111$ Wang $18$ China economics

$05441$ Edwards $25$ Scotland computing

$13344$ Wong $35$ China economics

$19921$ Jowell $25$ England e$-$commerce

$10022$ O'Neil $22$ Ireland computing

Applicants

ProgName Faculty Location

computing computing verney park

e$-$commerce computing verney park

bioinformatics sciences clore bldg

economics business ADR bldg

Animation computing verney park

Let us assume that referential integrity constraint on progName is enforced.

$($a$)$ What would be the effects of the enforcement actions NO ACTION and CASCADE when a programme is withdrawn?

$($b$)$ What happens when the user tries to insert a new row $(11022,$Johnson$,22,$Ireland$,$accounting$)$ into the Applicants table?