The following table was presented in an article summarizing a study to compare a new drug to a standard drug and to a placebo.

Characteristic*

New Drug

Standard Drug

Placebo

p

Age, years

45.2 (4.8)

44.9 (5.1)

42.8 (4.3)

0.5746

% Female

51%

55%

57%

0.1635

Annual Income, $000s

59.5 (14.3)

63.8 (16.9)

58.2 (13.6)

0.4635

% with Insurance

87%

65%

82%

0.0352

Disease Stage

0.0261

Stage I

35%

18%

33%

Stage II

42%

37%

47%

Stage III

23%

51%

20%

*Table entries and Mean (SD) or %

a.Are there any statistically significant differences in the characteristics shown among the

treatments?Justify your answer.

b.Consider the test for differences in age among treatments.Write the hypotheses and the formula of the test statistic used (No computations required - formula only).

c.Consider the test for differences in insurance coverage among treatments.Write the hypotheses and the formula of the test statistic used (No computations required - formula only).

d.Consider the test for differences in disease stage among treatments.Write the hypotheses and the formula of the test statistic used (No computations required - formula only).