The Hoffman v$.$ Red Owl case is an old Wisconsin case that first introduced the use of the doctrine of promissory estoppel outside of the context of a promise to make a gift. Hoffman was the plaintiff in that case, and sued Red Owl. Which of the following was not an element of Hoffman's promissory estoppel claim:

A$.$ Hoffman $($plaintiff$)$ and Red OwI $($defendant$)$ entered into a written contract.

B: Red Owl $($the defendant$)$ made a promise to Hoffman.

C$.$ Hoffman relied on Red Owl's promise.

D$.$ Enforcing the promise to the Hoffman's avoids injustice.