The industry life$-$cycle analysis has several potential limitations$.$ Which of these is a limitation that strategic managers should be aware of$?$

a$.$ Industry life cycles have very few strategic implications and shouldn't be used to determine potential strategies.

b$.$ Industries will not always travel through the stages in a predictable way.

c$.$ Companies cannot do anything to alter the course of an industry as it evolves through the life$-$cycle stages.

d$.$ All companies within an industry should employ similar strategies based on the life cycle of the industry they're operating in$.$