The is final UTF$-8$ exercise completes the circle started in our previous program of reading actual UTF$-8$ bytes, converting these to the underlying actual codepoint's hex value, to finally taking those hex values and converting these back to UTF$-8$ encoding.

The good news is that this code is a bit shorter since you can reasonably assume that any hex value less than $0$x$110000$ is a legitimate Unicode codepoint $($though it's likely not to be implemented since much of Unicode's space is still unpopulated or reserved for private implementations$).$ The less good news is that I would like your code to parse somewhat more sophisticated files than previous efforts. The rationale is that going back from Unicode hex values to UTF$-8$ encodings gives us a perfect time to annotate what we are doing, and annotation of course is more syntactically complex than just byte$($s$)-$for$-$byte$($s$)$ translatio