The present value of $$190,000$ to be received in five years at an interest rate of $16\%,$ compounded annually, is $$90,459.$

Required:

Using a present value table $($Table $6-4$ and Table $6-5),$ calculate the present value of $$190,000$ for each of the following items $($parts a$$f$)$ using these facts:

Note: Use the appropriate value$($s$)$ from the tables provided. Round your PV factors to $4$ decimal places and final answers to the nearest whole dollar.

a$.$ Interest is compounded semiannually.

b$.$ Interest is compounded quarterly.

c$.$ A discount rate of $12\%$ is used.

d$.$ A discount rate of $20\%$ is used.

e$.$ The cash will be received in three years.

f$.$ The cash will be received in seven years.