these convicts also serve as a useful and ready source of labour to the state. Besides this, the modern methods of killing them have been proved to be equally costly$.$ Taking their lives merely because they committed heinous crimes, which may even include taking the life of others, is no more than an act of retribution, and as Mahatma Gandhi rightly puts it$,"$An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind." There is$,$ therefore, enough reason to conclude that life imprisonment is a more effective way to punish people who commit grievous crimes because it is more beneficial. In addition to the utilitarian value of life sentence, as opposed to death sentence, the former provides security for the innocent but falsely convicted. Punishing people by imprisoning them for life makes it possible for the reopening of cases when new evidence develops. During court proceedings and the conduct of investigations, relevant minute details are sometimes overlooked or missed and this may result in the prosecution of innocent people. Statistical evidence from the Innocence Project $(2020)$ by an American organization that investigates suspicious convictions unveils that: As of January $2020,$ the Innocence Project has documented over $365$ DNA exonerations in the United States. Twenty$-$one of these exonerees had previously been sentenced to death. The vast majority $(97\%)$ of these people were wrongfully convicted of committing sexual assault and$/$or murder. Although these individuals were innocent of these crimes, approximately $25\%$ and $11\%$ had been forced to confess, and to plead guilty, respectively. These exonerees spent an average of $14$ years in prison $10\%$ of whom spent $25$ years or more in prison for crimes they did not commit. With later insights from new evidence exculpating convicts, where a death sentence has already been executed, there are but post$-$humous exonerations which cannot bring the dead back to life. With life sentence, however, there is both the security of the life of the wrongly convicted and some compensation following their exoneration. $1)$ Describe the structure of the first paragraph as the introduction to an academic essay. $2)$ a$.$ Describe the structure of the second paragraph. b$.$ State two $(2)$ ways that the controlling idea in the second paragraph has been developed and provide evidence from the paragraph to support each strategy. $3)$ With copious evidence from the text $($the essay above$),$ discuss four $(4)$ ways that coherence has been achieved by the writer. $4)$ What is the central argument of the writer in this essay. $2$