Question: This question discusses a variation on the attack of bufferoverflow stack smashing. Many defenses against stack smashing work by detecting when the return address has

This question discusses a variation on the attack of bufferoverflow stack smashing.
Many defenses against stack smashing work by detecting when the return address has been
overwritten (like stack canaries), or when the attacker tries to hijack control flow to a new location
(like CFI). However there are other ways that a buffer overflow can be used to make a program do
the attackers bidding. Consider the following function from a very simplified payment application:

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