Though it did not become policy, then-President Obama suggested that federal aid appropriations be tied to a rating system for higher education institutions that would be used to determine the value schools provide students. To a large extent the policy was related to stipulations related to "the gainful employment rule," which was designed to determine the sort of programs eligible for participation in federal funding by ensuring that students get jobs after the completion of degrees. In addition, the need for a policy came about because of the increased access for-profit institutions seeking to improve access to higher education for under-represented populations. This access had not translated to higher graduation rates.

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