Time available for training: For paper mills to run efficiently, they must run as close to continuously as possible. lDnce the equipment is stopped, it takes many hours to restart and gain stability. Thus, training must occur on off hours. This will increase the cost as employees will have to receive overtime pay. Related to this is that any projects will need to include all shifts, since the equipment for each shift is the same. Thus, those who operate a process, regardless of shift must be considered as a team. This means that while the classroom training can be provided separately to different shifts, the \"project training\" needs to occur together. One solution to this dilemma is for each shift to identify a project, and then have different members of each shift serve on the Kaizen team that researches a project. Enough projects would have to be identified to allow each employee to participate on a team. Research would have to be conducted during off shift time, which means that one member of the team would not be able to participate on that piece of research, but the steps in the research could be rotated among shifts. An alternative is to get replacement workers for the time the team is doing its research. In any case, this is good training for identifying problems and solutions of implementing Kaizen