Transportation engineering serves as a cornerstone in the development and maintenance of efficient transportation systems, encompassing various theoretical frameworks and methodologies aimed at optimizing traffic flow and enhancing mobility. Discuss the principles of transportation engineering, encompassing traffic flow theory, transportation demand modeling, and transportation planning techniques. Explore the role of emerging technologies, such as intelligent transportation systems $($ITS$)$ and autonomous vehicles, in revolutionizing transportation infrastructure and addressing contemporary challenges such as congestion, pollution, and road safety. Furthermore, analyze the socioeconomic implications of transportation engineering projects, considering factors such as accessibility, equity, and land use planning, and their influence on urban development and regional connectivity.