True or False?

1. Just as cognitive evaluation theory predicts, variable-pay programs have been found to reduce motivation.
2. Companies with profit-sharing plans have higher levels of profitability than those without them. These plans have been linked to employee commitment, as well, especially in smaller firms.
3. Behaviorist theory portrays behavior as caused by the context or environment. Consequences or reinforcers but not individual choice or free will motivate behavior according to this view. Hence, behaviorism and operant conditioning predict that extrinsic motivators, positive reinforcers, are effective motivators.
4. While social categorization theory explains why people identify with particular groups, social identity theory explains why people categorize others as belonging to particular groups.