Two managers are talking about how they get the best out of their employees. Jo says, "I tell my employees times are tough, and I have no way of telling when the guys in the head office might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand." Chris says, "I tell them the head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up$."$ How would these managers be BEST characterized'by Douglas Macgregor?

Both hold Theory Y assumptions.

Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions.

Chris holds Theory $x$ assumptions; Jo holds Theory $Y$ assumptions.

Both hold Theory $x$ assumptions.