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1. The snapback timing method was used to obtain the average times of each work element and the respective performance ratings for a given repetitive task. As shown in the table below, elements a, b, and c are worker-controlled. Element d is machine-controlled; hence, the time is the same for each cycle (performance rating is not applicable). Element e is an irregular element that is worker controlled, and is performed once every six cycles. The machine is idle when element a, b, and e are performed. One part is produced each cycle. For the manual portion of the cycle, a Personal Fatigue Delay (PFD) allowance of 15% is used, while the machine allowance is 15%. a 0.47 b 0.58 d 0.75 e 2.10 0.70 Work element Observed time (min) Performance rating 90% 80% 110% N.A. 85% a) Determine the normal time for the cycle. (2 marks) b) Calculate the standard time for the cycle. (2 marks) c) If the worker's performance during actual production is 130% on all manual elements for 7.3 actual hours worked on an 8-hour shift, how many units will be produced and what is the worker's efficiency? (6 marks)