URGENT!!!!

The U.S. workforce is aging. Studies show that turnover and absenteeism rates are lower among older workers, and age is not associated with lower productivity. A large transformation is taking place in the U. S. workforce, the largest since women entered in large numbers some 30 years ago, according to Marc Freedman, author of Encore: Finding Work That Matters. Millions of workers in their 50s and 60s are leaving the corporate world, and many are looking for what Freedman labels encore careers. Retirees are heading back to work to use their skills and experience to help others in a way that positively affects society. Freedman identifies several characteristics of an encore career: it involves a significant amount of work, perhaps 10 or even 20 years; it takes place in the second half of life at the end of a career; it involves some type of pay or benefit; and its about a desire to find new meaning and contribute to the greater good.

Nat Fuchs embraced such a career. After 30 years as a trial attorney with the Securities and Exchange Commission, he went to work at the Brooklyn District Attorneys crime prevention bureau, where he helps seniors avoid being victims of identity theft. The job is a perfect fit with his background and his goal of helping the public. As an SEC lawyer handling fraud cases, Fuchs saw first-hand the results when investors were defrauded, and he wanted to teach people how to avoid being a crime victim. Now he warns of the danger of identity theft in seminars at community centers. He receives a nominal fee for his work, but the real payoff comes in helping others, which he says bring fulfillment beyond imagination.

Fuchs and many others like him have been placed in encore careers by ReServe, a nonprofit organization that recruits retirees and matches their skills with jobs in public service. People are starting earlier and earlier in what Freedman, a member of ReServes board of directors, calls the second half of work. Jobs are commonly in the education and healthcare fields, where there are shortages of teachers and nurses. Nonprofit organizations are also popular; 600,000 leaders are needed in this sector alone, particularly in groups addressing homelessness and poverty.

While the impact is great, the pay may not be. Often the benefits can be very good, especially in federal, state, and local government agencies. For instance, there may be a pension that a private employer did not offer. Employers, some of whom were wary at first, have embraced the idea of encore careers after seeing the deep commitment and skills the people had to offer. As Freedman says, Now, the challenge is giving older males and females Americans a purpose and a chance to contribute. That could be one of the greatest accomplishments of the 21^st century.

Questions

1. Discuss the cognitive dissonance that may influence the old females American! Then discuss what a stereotype threat that may face encore careers is
2. Discuss one example of workplace discrimination that may occur against encore careers, then discuss how perceived behavioral control may influence the behavioral intention of the old females Americans, as per Ajzen theory?