$$ Used for intermittent $($discontinuous workflow$)$ and varied $($non$-$repetitive$)$ processing that requires frequent adjustments.

Processes are grouped by similar activities or functions. Examples are departments in Universities or auto repair shops.

$$ Used for repetitive or continuous processing that allows high standardization such as petroleum refining or salt production.

The product or project is fixed at a location. Examples are farming, landscaping, mining, building, and ship building.

Product layouts $($sequential layouts$)$

Process layouts $($functional layouts$)$

Fixed$-$position layout