Utilize the below Chapter information. Explain the difference between "Severthood" attributes and "Stewardship" attributes (provide specific Biblical chapter and verse references).

Biblical Foundation: Servanthood Attributes

Place Needs of Followers First: Abram provided Lot with first choice in dividing the land (Genesis 13). By deferring to a subordinate, this humble act reduces conflict plus demonstrates confidence in the subordinates judgment while demonstrating a steadfast faith in the future.

Obedience and Willingness to Engage in Altruistic Sacrifice: Prime examples include Abraham agreeing to sacrifice his son, and Apostle Pauls ongoing willingness to sacrifice all (his life, health, wealth, comfort, fame) for the preaching of the Gospel (Genesis 22:119, 2 Corinthians 11:2329). When we are willing to sacrifice an important part of our personal mission and identity for a greater good, this demonstrates a powerful personal faith, which is inspiring to others.

Balance of Servanthood and Stewardship

1.All four Gospels demonstrate the delicate balance between servanthood and stewardship. Unless Jesus accomplished the mission of obeying Father God by proclaiming the Kingdom of God, manifesting miracles, and dying on the cross for the sins of mankind, His life and ministry would not possess its intended scope and impact. Hence, it is the balance of achieving the mission while loving and encouraging others as reflected in John 21. Servant leaders understand that like the biblical admonition of the balance of faith and works, we must balance stewardship mission achievement and servanthood.

2.Jesus set clear priorities. In sending out His disciples, Jesus instructed them to only minister to the nation of Israel and not the gentiles (Matthew 10:57). Servant leaders must set priorities with limited resources and time.

3.Jesus practiced altruism by giving His life for the forgiveness of sins (Matthew 20:28, Mark 10:45). Servant leaders esteem others greater than themselves and sacrifice their personal interests for the collective good.

Promote Best Interests of Others Irrespective of their Level of Support and Understanding: Jesus demonstrated an unswerving passion and commitment to implementing the plan provided by God the Father. He resisted the pressure of both supporters and opponents to bend to their agendas. Jesus resisted the desire of the disciples and His other followers to assume the mantle of warrior King and free the nation of Israel militarily. He resisted the demands of the Pharisees to cease key aspects of His ministry given their jealously and the fear of alienating the Romans, His breaking of legalistic interpretations of the law such as no healing on Sunday, and the pressure to become a genie-like provider of miracles (Luke 24:21, Acts 1:67, Matthew 23, Mark 10:2, Mark 12:13, Luke 13:31, Luke 16: 1315, John 8:3, Luke 23:8). Servant leaders understand that the loving exercise of power is not a pure democracy, and like our republican form of government, servant leaders must uphold key principles of integrity and promote the long-term best interest of the subordinates even when it is not recognized or desired.

Unity: The Apostle Paul understood the importance of mission unity and focusing not on individual, but on collective achievements, emphasizing that we should not glory in the self, but in being used by God to complete the mission (1 Corinthians 1:1013, 1 Corinthians 2:2, 1 Corinthians 3:1015). Servant leaders cultivate an ethos in which all employees possess a clear understanding that what unites all employees is the importance of mission achievement, hence the emphasis on collective goals.

Servant Followers: Paul admonishes all Christians to reflect that accountability is first and foremost birthed from Gods authority. Hence, we should recognize that our true supervisor is always the Lord and work with excellence in all settings (Colossians 3:2223). Servant leaders promote servant followership, or working with excellence irrespective of the supervision level or quality. We need to serve just and unjust, skilled and unskilled managers, with excellence.

Commitment to Work/Life Balance: Jesus understood and modeled the practice of rest and harmony with our various life seasons. Jesus spent time alone in prayer to remain spiritually connected to God the Father and rested on a regular basis. He understood that humans must be connected to both the life-giving elements of spiritual and physical renewal (Matthew 14:23, Luke 9:18, Mark 6: 3032, John 15:17). Servant leaders model a commitment to work/life balance by limiting work hours, setting boundaries on accessibility, utilize paid time off (vacations, holidays, etc.), and refresh themselves during the workday by taking breaks and lunch hours.

Sustainable Work Pace: Jacob traveled at the pace of the children and animals (Genesis 33:1214). Servant leaders understand the importance of a reasonable work pace to avoid exhausting employees.

Reduce Status Difference and Demonstrate Commitment to Teamwork

1.Nehemiah worked on the efforts to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem himself, demonstrating his personal commitment to the cause (Nehemiah 5). Servant leaders authentically and enthusiastically perform the work of subordinates when necessary to reduce burdens and demonstrate empathy.

2.The Apostle Paul referred to the church as the Body of Christ and used the analogy of the body to demonstrate the system interconnectedness and mutual dependency of the various components of an organization. Hence, each bodily components (team member) unique role and function must be respected and acknowledged. Another example is that of agriculture where some plant, some sow, but God gives the increase reinforcing that success is ultimately Gods and all team members are important contributors (Romans 12:48, 1 Corinthians 3:1015). Servant leaders cultivate teamwork and understand that all employees, from the most skilled to unskilled, to the most visible to invisible, are important to the success of the organization and mission.

3.Elijahs great victory in defeating the prophets of Baal on Mt. Carmel was conducted under the assumption that he was the only prophet or line of defense (1 Kings 18). Servant leaders can still be used by God with mistaken assumption and motives.

4.Elijah became overwhelmed after his confrontation with the prophets of Baal on Mt. Carmel for several reasons, including isolating himself from other prophets and an absence of teamwork given his pride. He became depressed, fled into the desert, and asked God to kill him because he believed he was alone. God corrected him by stating that there were 7,000 other prophets who had not bowed down to Baal (1 Kings 19:18). Servant leaders recognize the need to set boundaries and to work as a team. Prolonged work completed in isolation leads to depression and negative emotions.

Social Justice

1.Nehemiah ended the practices of usury, land foreclosures for indebtedness, and committing debtors to slavery. He donated his food allowance to a worker food program feeding 150 officials (Nehemiah 5). Servant leaders possess a passion for relieving suffering, promoting a higher quality of life, and reducing excessive levels of inequality.

2.Scripture reinforces the personal and corporate obligation to consider and meet the needs of the poor (Proverbs 21:13, 22:89, 22). Servant leaders understand that employees are more engaged and committed when the mission of the organizations and their specific job duties and goals promote altruistic causes.

3.In the Book of Acts, the early believers developed a communitarian culture in which financial resources were shared. Paul reinforced the importance of promoting equality within the church by having those with resources help those without (Acts 2:4247, Acts 4:3235, 2 Corinthians 8:1315). Servant leaders understand the importance of promoting confidence in the inherent fairness of the HR system, equality of opportunity, and providing support for employees when they are experiencing financial, health, or performance challenges. For example, when organizations face budget challenges, hours are reduced collectively to avoid layoffs, and employees are encouraged to donate sick or personal leave to ill employees who have exhausted paid leave.

Biblical Foundation: Stewardship Attributes

God-Honoring Accountability

1.David committed many major sins and mistakes including: (1) focusing on the strength of his army and not Gods power by taking a census of his troops over the objection of his general Joab, (2) by his ignorance of priestly protocol in moving the Arc, resulting in the death of Uzzah who steadied the cart with his hands (1 Chronicles 13:810), and (3) committing adultery with Bathsheba and then having her husband killed (2 Samuel 11, 2 Samuel 24:13, 1 Chronicles 13:810). Servant leaders can make many serious mistakes and sins, but if their heart is soft toward God and they willingly repent, thereby learning from their trials and mistakes, enhancing their credibility and trust in the view of subordinates and other key stakeholders.

2.Nehemiah, when learning of the condition of the temple and the City of Jerusalem, accepted responsibility for the sins of his ancestors in not restoring the temple by offering passionate, genuine, and heartfelt prayers of repentance. Daniel also provided a similar prayer of responsibility for the collective historical sins of Israel (Nehemiah 1 and Daniel 9). Servant leaders assume responsibility for the organizations overall performance and the events outside of their control contributing to the problems.

3.Jesus understood that in order for us to be credible in providing feedback to others, we first must look inward and relentlessly self-examine our own heart, attitudes, and actions before we counsel or correct others. We must remove the log from our own eye by first acknowledging our weaknesses, sins, and contributions to a problem. This enables us to more accurately see the dysfunctional and sinful issues in ourselves and others and begin the repentance process (Matthew 7:5). Servant leaders understand their own fallibility and the presence and effect of their own weaknesses and sins. They understand that in order for a just and fair outcome to be produced, they must establish their personal credibility and avoid even the appearance of hypocrisy. Second, they understand that they cannot properly diagnose the potential cause and solutions if their internal lenses are flawed. When we fail to acknowledge a weakness or sin in our own life, we frequently react with a higher degree of emotional intensity when that same problem or issue occurs in others.

The Absence of God-Honoring Accountability: Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden were tempted by the serpent to become like God (Genesis 3:113) and ate the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge. When God confronted them, Eve blamed the serpent and Adam blamed Eve. They rationalized away and externalized responsibility, thereby hiding from God and justifying their disobedience. Servant leaders recognize an absence of accountability in themselves and others. They lead by example and admit their mistakes and sins.

Vision

1.Abraham unconditionally obeyed God to leave his home with no clear directions (Hebrews 11:812) and Noah followed God precisely in building the arc even with no prior experience in boat building, living hundreds of miles from the ocean, and residing in a very dry climate with no rain (Genesis 69). It is important to possess the faith and courage to begin leadership journeys with only a general sense of direction.

2.Nehemiah provided the people with a clear vision of a finished temple, providing hope (Nehemiah 4). Servant leaders provide a clear and compelling vision that justifies the costs and sacrifices in mission achievement. Without hope, motivation vanishes.

Discipline

1.Giving and receiving discipline is another form of love in the Bible. Those whom we love, we will not allow to destroy themselves with sinful practices. There are many scripture passages that reinforce that the person of wisdom seeks and accepts discipline and correction. Discipline and correction are not pleasant at the time, but they produce a pleasant and powerful fruit of humility, growth, health, and long life (Proverbs 3:1112, Proverbs 9:11, 10:8, 10:17, 12:1, 13:1, 13:10, 13:13, 13:24, 15:5, 15:10, 15:32, 19:18, 19:20, 23:1314). Servant leaders understand the critical importance of correcting and disciplining in love, both as a recipient and as a transmitter. The ability to receive and respond in the appropriate spirit is a foundational element of humility and an essential element of spiritual and emotional intelligence. The key is to receive feedback from all sources with an open mind, recognizing that helpful information comes from friends and foes alike.

2.One of the key indicators of a rebellious and foolish spirit is resisting correction in which the receiver lashes out and attacks the provider of the discipline (Proverbs 9:7, 13:13, 13:18). When leaders resist correction, it reflects a combination of pride and the fear and the erroneous assumption that the truth equates with losing respect, power, and control. This characteristic encourages other employees to resist transparency, corrections, and ultimately authority.

Wisdom in Decision Making: Wise decision makers in the Bible seek out counsel from trusted advisors (Proverbs 10:14, 15:22). Servant leaders understand the importance of diverse perspectives in the decision-making process, recognizing their personal limits and the presence of cognitive biases in themselves and others. Hence, they seek advice from a diverse group of knowledgeable and trustworthy sources to expand the scope of information, incorporate alternative views, and test their own assumptions.

Respect for Authority: The Apostle Paul clearly indicates that civil and governmental authority is derived from Gods power and must be respected and honored with our heartfelt obedience. Hence, by extension it is our duty to obey those in authority throughout our various life domains (government, employer, family, elders) conferring respect, honor, financial support, and reverence. We are all called to pray for the wisdom, favor, and well-being of those who exercise authority over us to promote peace and harmony (Romans 13:18, 1 Timothy 2:14, 1 Timothy 5:12, Titus, 2: 910, 3:12). Servant leaders should demonstrate reverence and respect for the authority figures in their professional and personal domains. In addition, they should confer and demonstrate respect toward their subordinates and their contributions.