"What are the theoretical principles underlying the design and construction of resilient civil engineering structures? Discuss the fundamental theories governing material properties, structural analysis, and design considerations in ensuring the durability and safety of infrastructure. Explore concepts such as load distribution, stress analysis, and failure mechanisms, and their applications in real$-$world scenarios. Additionally, delve into the role of advanced computational tools and simulation techniques in optimizing structural performance and mitigating potential risks. Consider environmental factors, including seismic activity, extreme weather conditions, and sustainability requirements, in the development of resilient infrastructure solutions. Provide examples of innovative engineering approaches that integrate theoretical knowledge with practical applications to address contemporary challenges in civil engineering."