What basic construct does the IACM use to address opportunities, obstacles, and obligations? $*$

The construct of "before, during, and after" to categorize obstacles, opportunities and obligations so that responsibility for each can be more easily assigned and evaluated

The construct of "before, during, and after" to prioritize short$-$term gains over long$-$term objectives

The construct of "before, during, and after" and "favorable and unfavorable events" to decrease the effect $($likelihood and impact$)$ of unfavorable events and behaviors and increase the effect

$($likelihood and impact$)$ of favorable events and behaviors

The construct of "before, during, and after" to record the design of each action or control before an unfavorable event, and compare it to the design as changed after the event