what $dowe$ need $to$ know about this and what the author $is$ trying $to$ say $"1$: The stakeholder theory $is$ unarguably descrip$-$

tive. $It$ presents a model describing what the corporation

$is.It$ describes the corporation $as$ a constellation $ofco-$

operative and competitive interests possessing intrinsic

value. Aspects $of$ this model may $be$ tested for descrip$-$

tive accuracy: $Is$ this model more descriptively accurate

than rival models? Moreover, $do$ observers and partici$-$

pants, $in$ fact, see the corporation this way? The model

can also serve $as$ a framework for testing any empirical

claims, including instrumental predictions, relevant $to$

the stakeholder concept $(but$ not for testing the concept's

normative base$)."$