What do you think about this comments?

1.

Regulatory criminal laws often result in no direct or immediate injury towards an individual or property but may create the danger or probability of it which the law seeks to minimize (pg. 7). Regulatory criminal laws include but not limited to; traffic violations, prostitution and gambling.

Regulatory criminal laws may have an effect on police and minority relations. For example, when minorities violate regulatory criminal laws, they often receive minor offenses for disorderly acts or summonses by the police, community members tend to resent the police because of this (pg. 170). Communities feel that the police are supposed to be the ones protecting them from crime, rather than harassing them for petty violations (pg. 170). This leads to individuals believing the police are prejudiced, by treating minorities unfairly and having different enforcement standards on the basis of ones race (pg. 170). Because of the disproportionate number of minorities involved in stops, there has been an increase in negative public reactions across the country (pg. 173). Regulatory criminal laws have a negative effect on communities in minority neighborhoods.

Minorities are more susceptible to regulatory criminal laws due to heavy police deployment and activity quota policies. Due to the fact that higher crimes occur in poorer neighborhood, there is a greater concentration of police officers placed in such neighborhoods (pg. 170). Because of this, minorities are more likely to come into contact with the police (pg. 170). Many of these individuals may be homeless which puts them at greater risk of receiving minor offenses for disorderly acts (pg. 170). Because of the high concentration of police in minority neighborhoods, minorities are more susceptible to regulatory criminal laws based on the increased opportunities for observation of offenses (pg. 171). Activity quotas, specifically for traffic and other regulatory criminal law offenses, only adds onto the growing resentment (pg. 170). Generally due to the fact that activity quotas limit the polices exercise of discretion (pg. 175). Heavy police deployment and activity quotas may negatively impact minorities because of regulatory criminal laws.

2. What effect do Regulatory Criminal Laws have on police/minority relations?

Whenever Police Officers had to fulfill their numbers for the month either from summonses or arrests they would go directly to the places where it would be easiest to get the numbers. Or when it came to just police post placement in general higher ups had to make the decision to which areas should they place the most cops. And those places would be high crime areas which are predominately minority neighborhoods. Because of this many people feel that police are racist and biased which in turn makes them lose trust and respect for them. Many people do not feel safe with the police around because they feel that police will mistreat them just because of the neighborhood that they live in and because their race/ethnicity leads the highest in crime. But for the most part people in minority neighborhoods feel that they are not being treated fairly just because the cops are in their neighborhoods and not in other neighborhoods.

Are minorities more susceptible to Regulatory Criminal Law enforcement because of heavy police deployment and activity quota policies? Explain your answer.

Of course they are. Police deployment is not based on race, its based on facts of crime stats so unfortunately most of the crimes are being committed in minority neighborhoods. Some people may ask why dont you see many cops on 86^th Street and Madison instead of Rockaway Ave and Livonia Ave? and you can simply answer well because there are no shootings on 86th Street and Madison but there are shootings every other day on Rockaway Ave and Livonia Ave. So of course more minorities will be stopped and more enforcement will be done on them.