What does the data link layer do? Describe four types of noise. Which is likely to pose the greatest problem to network managers? What are the three ways of reducing errors and the types of noise they affect? Describe the frame layouts for SDLC, Ethernet, and PPP. During the 1990s, there was intense competition between two technologies (10-Mbps Ethernet and 16-Mbps token ring) for the LAN market. Ethernet was promoted by a consortium of vendors, whereas token ring was primarily an IBM product, even though it was standardized. Ethernet won, and no one talks about token ring anymore. Token ring used a hub-polling-based approach. Outline a number of reasons why Ethernet might have won. Hint: The reasons were both technical and business.

What are the parts of TCP/IP and what do they do? Who is the primary user of TCP/IP? Compare and contrast the three types of addresses used in a network. How does decentralized routing differ from centralized routing? When would you use one over the other? What are the differences between connectionless and connection-oriented messaging? When would you use one over the other? How does static routing differ from dynamic routing? When would you use static routing? When would you use dynamic routing?