What does the evidence suggest about organisations that plan compared to organisations that do not plan?

Question $2$ options:

$1)$

Non$-$planning organisations always outperform planning organisations.

$2)$

Non$-$planning organisations generally outperform planning organisations.

$3)$

Planning organisations always outperform non$-$planning organisations.

$4)$

Planning organisations generally outperform non$-$planning organisations.