What exactly is engineering? When you are thinking engineering and science, you will consider the pride of it being a profession rather than just a job. There are difference disciplines and fields of practice, but they are all unified by common goals and desires to improve life. In the attached document, very interesting guidance is given about who engineers are, how they think, how they make things, and what goes wrong. When engineering mistakes happen, they are generally centered on either a design risk or an inadequate design process. Risk is always managed, but you will see how the article covers what is meant by safe and risk. There are basic risk assumptions, but also acceptable risks. When discussing the design process, there are epic failures in terms of post-market problems, initial design concepts, foreseeable safety hazards, failures to validate the design, and sometimes operations that outside of the design intent and specifications. The last was the fundamental issue concerning the tragedy of the space shuttle Challenger. The failure was seemingly foreseeable, but not appreciated. It is this event that will be the subject of your first paper.