Compounds A to F are intermediates in a catalytic cycle. iPr2 ipr2 ipr2 P CI Ph...

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Compounds A to F are intermediates in a catalytic cycle. iPr2 ipr2 ipr2 P CI Ph Pd Pd H CI PiPr2 Pr2 C pd-p Prz A ipr2 I Pd iprz Prz CI 9.5 Ph D B ipr2 Pd Pr₂P- ipr2 CI -P Pd. Ph Ph Prz Ph F E (i) Give the valence electron count for compounds A to F and the oxidation state of Pd in each compound. [3] (ii) Give the overall reaction that is catalysed. [1] (iii) Draw a catalytic cycle incorporating all the compounds A to F and indicate which additional substrate molecules would have to be present to facilitate the conversions, where they would join the catalytic cycle and at what point the product would be released. [8] (iv) State the reaction type for each of the steps in the catalytic cycle providing a brief outline of the mechanism in each step. [6] (v) Briefly outline the advantages and disadvantages of using a Ni catalyst instead of a Pd catalyst in this type of catalytic cycle. [2] Compounds A to F are intermediates in a catalytic cycle. iPr2 ipr2 ipr2 P CI Ph Pd Pd H CI PiPr2 Pr2 C pd-p Prz A ipr2 I Pd iprz Prz CI 9.5 Ph D B ipr2 Pd Pr₂P- ipr2 CI -P Pd. Ph Ph Prz Ph F E (i) Give the valence electron count for compounds A to F and the oxidation state of Pd in each compound. [3] (ii) Give the overall reaction that is catalysed. [1] (iii) Draw a catalytic cycle incorporating all the compounds A to F and indicate which additional substrate molecules would have to be present to facilitate the conversions, where they would join the catalytic cycle and at what point the product would be released. [8] (iv) State the reaction type for each of the steps in the catalytic cycle providing a brief outline of the mechanism in each step. [6] (v) Briefly outline the advantages and disadvantages of using a Ni catalyst instead of a Pd catalyst in this type of catalytic cycle. [2]