. What is a hardware cache? 2. What is a memory hierarchy? 3. Why do modern processors have caches? 4. Which of the following computer systems use caches in their memory hierarchy? O mobile phones laptops O game consoles O workstation desktops O high-end servers (ones you would find in a Google/Facebook/Microsoft datacenter) 5. What is temporal locality? What is spatial locality? 6. Consider the following code snippet: How does this code snippet demonstrate examples of temporal and spatial locality? Be sure to consider memory references for both data and instructions. 7. All memory hierarchies have levels whereby either hardware or software determines whether to bring in data from the lower level to the higher level. What governs whether hardware or software is in charge of data movement? Name two levels where software is in charge. Which software pieces are in charge of data movement here? 8. What are split private caches? What are unified private caches? What are unified shared caches? Provide examples of hardware caches of each type with information about their relative access latency (in cyeles) and size in bytes) 9. Why do hardware caches help performance? 10. What is the difference between a direct-mapped cache, a fully-associative cache, and a set-associative 11. Why do we store multiple bytes in a cache line/block/way? What is the typical cache line size on most 12. How do you caleulate cold versus confliet versus capacity misses? cache? For which of these caches do replacement policies matter