What is the difference between performance appraisals and performance management?

A$.$

Performance appraisals are focused on evaluating an employee$$s current or past performance against pre$-$established standards, while performance management is a broad set of activities related to improving employee performance, productivity, and effectiveness.

B$.$

Managers get trained on how to manage performance, but rarely on how to evaluate performance.

C$.$

Performance appraisals are recorded in employee records, while performance management activities are never formalized and recorded.

D$.$

Performance appraisals are an ongoing informal process of identifying areas of development and underperformance to make performance improvement plans, whereas performance management is focused on evaluating existing performance against established standards.