What is the major difference between vertical integration and outsourcing?

a$.$ Vertical integration is usually limited to services, where as outsourcing usually deals with production of goods.

b$.$ Outsourcing is ownership of a part of the supply chain, vertical integration has no ownership.

c$.$ Outsourcing uses external suppliers to perform some production$/$service functions

d$.$ Vertical integration is ownership of a part of the supply chain, outsourcing has no ownership.

e$.$ Outsourcing is a long$-$term operations strategy where vertical integration is short term.