Question: When fluid in a long pipe starts up from rest at a uniform acceleration a , the initial flow is laminar. The flow undergoes transition

When fluid in a long pipe starts up from rest at a uniform acceleration a, the initial flow is laminar. The flow undergoes transition to turbulence at a time t* which depends, to first approximation, only upon a, , and . Experiments by P. J. Lefebvre, on water at 20C starting from rest with 1-g acceleration in a 3-cm-diameter pipe, showed transition at t*=1.02s . Use these data to estimate (a) the transition time and (b) the transition Reynolds number Re D for water flow accelerating at 35m/s2 in a 5-cm-diameter pipe.

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