When Google, Inc. when public in 2004, it issued class A shares using a Dutch auction. Sergey Brin and Larry Page are the controlling owners of Google even though they own less than 50% of the class A shares. How is this so?

Brin and Page always vote together when casting their class A votes.

Brin and Page own senior preferred stock in Google.

The class A shares have no voting rights.

Brin and Page own class B shares, which have voting rights equal to 10 votes per share.

Brin and Page own 100% of the class B shares, which have the same number of votes per share as class A shares, as required by federal regulations.