When the first personal computers were introduced, Bill started using a spreadsheet program to maintain his accounts. Bill discovered that due to this new

method his work had become much slower and that if he typed in the wrong data, it led to more mistakes. This illustrates that:

effort invested in an existing technology will reap higher returns than effort invested in a $$ew technology.

effort invested in the incumbent technology is much higher than effort invested in the new technology.

initially, technological discontinuity may have lower performance than the incumbent technology.

component innovations are more effective than architectural innovations.