Where Does Economic Value Go?

In a properly functioning economic market, where does the economic value created by firms go? In other words, who gets it? Why? Think about the phrase "properly functioning economic market" in the previous sentence. What does this mean? This assumption ("in a properly functioning economic market. . .") is intended to imply that Figure 1 is a closed system (i.e. that it's possible, for example, for individual firms to operate in a market context without producing externalities, positive or negative). Is this really possible? For example, given that firm behavior has the potential to contribute to the stability (or instability) of the larger economic system itself, doesn't this imply that firms always have some systemic or social responsiblity?