Which is a true statement below $?$

Question $47$ options:

a$)$

Valence is the importance one places on particular rewards

b$)$

All are valid options

c$)$

Instrumentality is the belief that Performance is related to Rewards

d$)$

Expectancy Theory claims that people expect rewards and consequences of behavior

e$)$

Expectancy is the belief Effort Leads to Performance