$.$ Which of the following are NOT Application layer protocols $($More than one protocol applies$)?$

a$.$

ICMP $($Internet Control Message Protocol$)$

b$.$

TCP $($Transmission Control Protocol$)$

c$.$

DHCP $($Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol$)$

d$.$

UDP $($User Datagram Protocol$)$

e$.$

ARP $($Address Resolution Protocol$)$

f$.$

IP $($Internet Protocol$)$ v$6$