Which statement is most accurate when deciding how much and when to buy?

Question $9$ options:

balancing price, volume, carrying cost, and the cost of stock$-$outs.

use the forecast future demand, lead times, and prices to determine optimal order volume.

determine the price premium to attain the desired order quantity.

managers seldom make purchase decisions until they are absolutely sure of the volume required.

the costs of placing orders and holding inventory are so low they do not significantly affect the decision of how much to buy.