Which statement is most accurate when deciding how much and when to buy?

a$.$

Determine the price premium to attain the desired order quantity.

b$.$

Balance purchase price, volume, carrying costs, and the cost of stock$-$outs.

c$.$

The costs of placing orders and holding inventory are so low they do not significantly affect the decision of how much to buy.

d$.$

Use the forecast future demand, lead times, and prices to determine optimal order volume.

e$.$

Managers seldom make purchase decisions until they are absolutely sure of the volume required.