Which statement is NOT true regarding the differences between systems that use machine learning algorithms and systems that use rule$-$based classification?

Select one:

a$.$ Machine learning is probabilistic and uses statistics to generate classification models; rule$-$based systems use deterministic rules derived from a finite problem$-$space.

b$.$ Machine learning systems will always out$-$perform rule$-$based systems in terms of accuracy.

c$.$ Machine learning systems generate their own rules based upon correlations discovered in large training sets whereas rule$-$based systems require pre$-$defined $($manually generated$)$ classification rules.

d$.$ Machine learning systems may be developed using supervised or unsupervised learning techniques.