Why do IOs and $($I$)$NGOs work together? Choose$$ALL$$the reasons.

a$.$

INGOs cooperate with IOs for symbolic gains, such as the greater legitimacy associated with being involved with an internationally visible organization.

b$.$

There are material gains, since such an organization may provide badly needed funding; work may even be subcontracted to an INGO, allowing it to earn income for performing the required tasks.

c$.$

IOs do not have symbolic gains but can gain in a material sense as less bureaucratized INGOs can perform tasks that would be much more costly$,$ and much slower and more inefficient, were they performed by the IGO.

d$.$

IOs have become formally involved in INGOs for accelerating further state withdrawal from social provisions.