Write paper in which you use prior feedback received from instructors and peers as well as additional readings from the literature to revise your problem space, identify variables (quantitative) or a phenomenon (qualitative) from the problem space, and present a problem statement defining the scope and context of your potential research topic. Do the following in your paper:

1. Articulate how recent studies (within the past five years) illustrate the existence of the problem and the need for additional research.
2. Clearly articulate the problem framing your study. What is the size and scope of the problem?
3. Present a strong argument for the significance and relevance of your potential study in addressing the problem. Consider how your potential study may contribute to existing empirical literature and/or inform practice.
4. Identify and define the variables (quantitative) or phenomenon (qualitative) that have emerged from your problem space. How are the variables or phenomenon supported via your problem space?
5. Provide and defend a concise and focused problem statement. How does the problem statement address your problem space? How are your variables or phenomenon represented in the problem statement?

Hint:

Prior feed back:

• Trends of research
• Evolution
• Focus on boundary of the research

Degree: Doctor of Health Administration (Operational Leadership)

Methodology: Qualitative Analysis

Problem Statement: "It is not known how healthcare workers describe their experience with anti-corruption measures being implemented to improve health disparities."

Purpose Statement:

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to explore how healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa describe their experiences with anti-corruption measures being implemented to improve health disparities.

Phenomena

Understanding how recent anti-corruption measures have influenced health disparities in Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States, particularly in the context of evolving healthcare challenges and systemic inequalities.

Research Question(s):

1. How do healthcare workers describe their experiences with anti-corruption measures being implemented to improve health disparities?

2. What are the systemic and individual-level effects of corruption on healthcare delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to the United States?

Problem space Articles:

Garca, P. J. (2019). Corruption in global health: the open secret. The Lancet, 394(10214), 2119-2124. 2.

Hsiao, A., Vogt, V., & Quentin, W. (2019). Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE, 14(8), e0220583-e0220583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220583

Onwujekwe, O., Agwu, P., Orjiakor, C., & Uguru, N. (2022). Health sector corruption in Nigeria: Implications for service delivery and access to healthcare. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 329-344. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07724-9 .

Kohler, J. C., & Bowra, A. (2020). Exploring anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in the world Health organization, the United Nations development program, the world bank group, and the global fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Globalization and health, 16, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00629-5

For other References:

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Achim, M. V., Videan, V. L., & Borlea, S. N. (2020). Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework.The European journal of health economics,21(2), 195-207.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01120-8

Artiga, S., Orgera, K., & Pham, O. (2020). Disparities in health and health care: Five key questions and answers.Kaiser Family Foundation.

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Hsiao, C., Vogt, T., & Quentin, W. (2019). Corruption and access to healthcare: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of Public Health Policy, 40(1), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-018-00160-8

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