You are a consultant who has been hired to evaluate a new product line for Markum Enterprises. The upfront investment required to launch the product line is $13 million. The product will generate free cash flow of $0.80 million the first year, and this free cash flow is expected to grow at a rate of 3% per year. Markum has an equity cost of capital of 11.9% , a debt cost of capital of 8.46% , and a tax rate of 35%. Markum maintains a debt-equity ratio of .50.

a. What is the NPV of the new product line (including any tax shields from leverage)?

b. How much debt will Markum initially take on as a result of launching this product line?

c. How much of the product line's value is attributable to the present value of interest tax shields?