You are developing a multi$-$threaded application to simulate a factory production line. In this simulation, there are multiple producer threads and multiple consumer threads. Producers generate parts and place them in a shared buffer, while consumers take parts from the buffer to assemble products. The shared buffer has a limited capacity and is implemented using shared memory. During testing, several issues have arisen, impacting the application's performance and reliability. Identify and discuss the potential problems associated with using shared memory space in the context of the producer$-$consumer problem. What problems could occur due to concurrent access to the shared memory buffer by multiple producer and consumer threads? Consider issues such as race conditions, data corruption, and inconsistent states.