You are interested in studying whether noise type affects spatial reasoning abilities. You decide to test spatial reasoning using completion time scores for the paper-folding test with five people, repeating the test on each person with three different noise types (classical music, white noise, and nature sounds).

In this experiment, the null hypothesis is that:

The completion time mean for at least one noise type is different from another

There are no differences in the mean completion times among the noise types compared

There are no individual differences in the completion time means

The factor of interest is the , and the dependent variable is the .

The results of the study are presented in the following data table. All scores are times necessary to complete the paper-folding task, recorded in seconds.

	Noise Type	Participant Totals
Participant	Classical Music	White Noise	Nature Sounds
A	3.42	3.40	3.50	P = 10.32	n	=	5
B	3.19	3.52	3.27	P = 9.98	k	=	3
C	3.50	3.70	3.54	P = 10.74	N	=	15
D	3.75	4.12	3.83	P = 11.70	G	=	54.50
E	3.90	4.16	3.70	P = 11.76	X	=	199.1488
	T = 17.76	T = 18.90	T = 17.84
	SS = 0.3115	SS = 0.4784	SS = 0.1803

The three treatments in the experiment define three populations of interest. You use an ANOVA to test the hypothesis that the three population means are equal. Present the results of your analysis in the following ANOVA table by entering the missing df values and selecting the correct values for the missing SS, MS, and F entries. (Note:For best results, retain at least two additional decimal points throughout your calculations. Depending on the order in which you do these calculations and the number of digits you retain, you may find slight rounding differences in the last digit between your answers and the answer choices.)

ANOVA Table
Source	SS	df	MS	F
Between treatments
Within treatments			0.0809
Between subjects			0.2157
Error
Total		14

Use the Distributions tool to find the critical value for = 0.01. The critical value is F = .

At a significance level of = 0.01, evaluate the null hypothesis that the population means for all treatments are equal. The null hypothesis is . You conclude that noise type affects spatial reasoning abilities.