You are participating in a project management training session, and the trainer asks you to define what a Project Charter is$.$ Which of the following statements best describes a Project Charter?

$($A$)$ A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.

$($B$)$ A formal document that initiates the start of a project, outlining the project's purpose, objectives, and high$-$level requirements, and granting the project manager the authority to utilize resources and lead the project team.

$($C$)$ An initial proposal that outlines the concept of a potential project, including a preliminary assessment of the project's goals, estimated costs, and benefits, intended to persuade stakeholders of its viability before detailed planning begins.

$($D$)$ A methodology for setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time$-$bound objectives to ensure project goals are clear and reachable within a certain timeframe.