You run an experiment where you matched subjects based on their political leanings (liberals) and you test to see if you can use fear in the ad to make them vote like conservatives. You measure them on a Likert scale of 1-10 [10 = extremely likely] on how likely they are to vote for the conservative candidate. You are worried about how well you matched your subjects, so you want to run you t-test as both an independent and repeated/matched types. Use = .05, two-tailed.

	Neutral Ad	Fear Ad	Difference score
	1	8	7
	3	3	0
	2	7	5
	3	4	1
	1	8	7
Mean	2	6	4
SS	4	22	44

Repeated/Matched-sample t-test	Independent sample t-test
Calculate SD or Variance here: Calculate Standard error here: Calculate t-test here:	Calculate Variance here: [pooled] Calculate Standard error here: Calculate t-test here:
df = t-crit =	dftotal = t-crit =
State conclusion in APA format	State conclusion in APA format

1. Looking at your findings on the paired and independent sample t-tests, why are your conclusions different about the differences between group 1 and 2?

2. How might you (the researcher) have prevented this issue?

3. Calculate Cohens d and r² for both the matched-samples and independent means t-tests.

Repeated/Matched-sample t-test	Independent sample t-test
Calculate r2: Calculate Cohens d:	Calculate r2: Calculate Cohens d:

What information do we learn from Cohens d and r²? Explain what they each tell us.

Please answer each question individually and if you can go over the independent sample t-test and how to calculate the standard error correctly i would appreciate it.