A student is interested in whether students who study with music playing devote as much attention to their studies as do students who study under quiet conditions (he believes that studying under quiet conditions leads to better attention). He randomly assigns participants to either the music or no-music condition and has them read and study the same passage of information for the same amount of time. Subjects are given the same 10-item test on the material. Their scores appear next. Scores on the test represent interval-ratio data and are normally distributed.

Music                                                    No Music

6…………………………………………………………..10

5…………………………………………………………….9

6…………………………………………………………….7

5…………………………………………………………….7

6…………………………………………………………….6

6…………………………………………………………….6

7…………………………………………………………….8

8…………………………………………………………….6

5…………………………………………………………….9

a. What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?

b. Identify H₀ and H_a for this study.

c. Conduct the appropriate analysis.

d. Should H₀ be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?

e. If significant, compute and interpret the effect size.

f. If significant, draw a graph representing the data.

g. Determine the 95% confidence interval.