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nature of mathematics
Questions and Answers of
Nature Of Mathematics
What do we mean by disjunction? Include as part of your answer the definition.
What do we mean by conjunction? Include as part of your answer the definition.
What is an operator?
Suppose that p is T and q is F. Find the truth values for the statements in Example 3.a. p ∧ qb. ∼pc. ∼( p ∧ q)d. ∼p ∧ qe. ∼(∼q)Let p: I eat spinach; q: I am strong.
Suppose n is a true statement and c is a false statement. What is the truth value of the compound statement (n ∨ c) ∧∼(n ∧ c) ?
Translate the given statements into words.a. p ∧ qb. ∼pc. ∼(p ∧ q)d. ∼p ∧ qe. ∼( ∼q)
Write the negation of each statement.a. All people have compassion.b. Some animals are dirty.c. Some students do not take Math 10.d. No students are enthusiastic.
For the statement t: Otto is telling the truth, translate ∼t.
Prove that S = {x | x ∈ R and 0 < x < 16} is not a countable set.
Write a report discussing the creation of colors using additive color mixing and subtractive color mixing.
What is the millionth positive integer that is not a square, cube, or fifth power?
What is the millionth positive integer that is not a square or a cube?
In Section 1.2, we introduced Sudoku puzzles, but these puzzles are not very mathematical. Another type of puzzle, called KenKen®, is very arithmetical.The rules are simple:Fill in the n × n grid
A famous mathematician, Bertrand Russell, created a whole series of paradoxes by considering situations such as the following barber’s rule:“Suppose in the small California town of Ferndale it is
Figure 2.19 shows a Venn diagram which illustrates all the different European unions and councils. Represent the eight sets in symbolic notation.Figure 2.19 The Council of Europe European Free Trade
Symbolically name the 32 regions formed by a Venn diagram with five sets.
A teacher assigned five problems, A, B, C, D, and E. Not all students turned in answers to all of the problems. Here is a tally of the percentage of students turning in various combinations of
A universal recipient is a person who can receive blood from any of the blood types (see Problem 18), and this is a person with type AB1 blood. The reason we know this is that the region labeled AB1
Insert “=” or “≠” in each box. a. No No + No L b. 28 % + +% c. X + 2 - 2 +20% d. |N|
Make up an example to show that + Xo = ro T
If two sets are equivalent, then they are infinite.Determine whether each statement in Problems 55–58 is true or false. Give reasons for your answers.
If two sets are infinite, then they are equivalent.Determine whether each statement in Problems 55–58 is true or false. Give reasons for your answers.
{1, 4, 9, 16, 25, . . .}An infinite set is said to be countably infinite if it can be placed into a one-to-one correspondence with the set of counting numbers, N. If the set cannot be placed into
{1000, 3000, 5000, . . .}Show that each set in Problems 35–44 has cardinality
{21, 22, 23, . . .}Show that each set in Problems 35–44 has cardinality
Show that the following sets have the same cardinality, by placing the elements into a one-to-one correspondence.{1, 2, 3, 4, . . . , 999, 1000}{7964, 7965, 7966, 7967, . . . , 8962, 8963}
Show that there is more than one one-to-one correspondence between the sets {m, a, t} and {1, 2, 3}.
If M = {distinct letters in the word mathematics} and N = {distinct letters in the word nevertheless}, what is | M × N | ?
If C = {500, 501, 502, . . . , 599} and D = {U.S. state capitals}, what is | C × D | ?
If A = {letters of the alphabet}, what is | A × A | ?
If A = {letters of the alphabet} and B = {U.S. states}, what is | A × B | ?
a. What is the cardinality of a set containing the number 0?b. Write the question and answer in part a using mathematical notation.
a. What is the cardinality of the set containing the empty set?b. Write the question and answer in part a using mathematical notation.
a. What is the cardinality of the empty set?b. Write the question and answer in part a using mathematical notation.
{y | y is an even integer}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
{x | x is an odd integer}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
S × V where S = {U.S. states}, V = {a, b, c}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
T × W where T = {1, 2, . . . , 19, 20}, W = {a, b, . . . , v, w}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
{100, 200, 300, . . .}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
{2998, 2997, . . . , 85, 86}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
{242, 241, . . . , 41, 42}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
{16, 20, 24, . . . , 400, 404}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
{48, 49, . . . , 189, 190}Give the cardinality of each set in Problems 11–20.
X = {x | x ∈ N, x is between 1 and 5} andV = {v | v is a vowel}; find V × X.Find the Cartesian product of the sets given in Problems 5–10.
X = {x | x ∈ N, x is between 1 and 5} andV = {v | v is a vowel}; find X × V.Find the Cartesian product of the sets given in Problems 5–10.
F = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and C = {a, b, c}; find C× F.Find the Cartesian product of the sets given in Problems 5–10.
F = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and C = {a, b, c}; find F × C.Find the Cartesian product of the sets given in Problems 5–10.
A = {c, d, f } and B = {w, x}; find B × A.Find the Cartesian product of the sets given in Problems 5–10.
A = {c, d, f } and B = {w, x}; find A × B.Find the Cartesian product of the sets given in Problems 5–10.
What does the cardinality of the Cartesian product have to do with the fundamental counting principle?
What is the Cartesian product of two sets?
Describe your preconceived notions about “infinity.” Next, describe your understanding of “infinity” in light of the material in this section.
Why do you think the fundamental counting principle is so “fundamental”?
Classify each of the sets as finite or infinite.a. Set of people on Earthb. Set of license plates that can be issued using three letters followed by three numeralsc. Set of drops of water in all
How many elements are in the Cartesian product of the given sets?a. A = {Frank, George, Hazel} and B = {Alfie, Bogie, Calvin, Doug, Ernie}b. C = {U.S. senators} and D = {U.S. president, U.S. vice
Show that the set of real numbers is uncountable.
Show that the set of rational numbers is countable.
Show that the set of integers Z = {. . . , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .} is infinite.
Which of the following sets can be placed into a one-to-one correspondence? K = (3, 4), L = {4}, M = {3}, N = {three], P = {, &, A), Q = {t, h, r, e}
The Venn diagram in Figure 2.17 shows five sets. It was drawn by Allen J. Schwenk of the U.S. Naval Academy. As you can see, there are 32 separate regions. Describe the following
Draw a Venn diagram for four sets, and label the 16 regions.
In an interview of 50 students,12 liked Proposition 8 and Proposition 13.18 liked Proposition 8, but not Proposition 5.4 liked Proposition 8, Proposition 13, and Proposition 5.25 liked Proposition
A poll was taken of 100 students at a commuter campus to find out how they got to campus. The results were as follows:42 said they drove alone.28 rode in a carpool.31 rode public transportation.9
In Problems 45–50, use Venn diagrams to prove or disprove each statement. Remember to draw a diagram for the left side of the equation and another for the right side. If the final shaded portions
In Problems 45–50, use Venn diagrams to prove or disprove each statement. Remember to draw a diagram for the left side of the equation and another for the right side. If the final shaded portions
Draw a Venn diagram showing birds, bees, and living creatures.
Draw a Venn diagram showing the relationship among trucks, buses, and cars.
Draw a Venn diagram showing the relationship among cats,dogs, and animals.
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. (ANB) U (ANC)
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. (AUB)U C
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. AU (BNC)
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships in Problems 19–34. (AUB) NC
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. (AUB) nC
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships in Problems 19–34. AU (BOC)
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. AUBOC
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. AUBNC
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. AUBUC
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. ANBUC
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. AU (BUC)
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships inProblems 19–34. AN (BUC)
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships in Problems 19–34. AUB
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships in Problems 19–34.
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships in Problems 19–34. ANB
Draw Venn diagrams for each of the relationships in Problems 19–34. AUB
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.The complement of the intersection of X and Y
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.The intersection of the complements of X and Y
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.The union of the complements of X and Y
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.The complement of the union of X and Y
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.A complement of an intersection
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.A complement of a union
Consider the sets X and Y. Write each of the statements in Problems 11–18 in symbols.A union of complements
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. AU (BNC)
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. (AUB) NC
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. (AUB) nC
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. AU (BNC)
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. AUBNC
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. AUBNC
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. AU (BNC)
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 5, 6}, and C = {3, 5, 7}. List all the members of each of the sets in Problems 3–10. (AUB) nC
What is the general procedure for drawing a Venn diagram for a survey problem?
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